{"id":5767,"date":"2018-03-08T09:00:47","date_gmt":"2018-03-08T07:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.factorenergia.com\/ca\/?post_type=blog&p=5767"},"modified":"2025-07-28T16:19:19","modified_gmt":"2025-07-28T14:19:19","slug":"hertha-marks-bombeta-edison","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.factorenergia.com\/ca\/blog\/histories-positives\/hertha-marks-bombeta-edison\/","title":{"rendered":"Hertha Marks, la inventora que va aplanar el terreny a Edison"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hertha Marks va ser una cient\u00edfica de vocaci\u00f3. Lluitadora, curiosa i amb ganes de canviar les coses. Tant, que es podria dir que va aplanar el terreny a Edison perqu\u00e8 invent\u00e9s la bombeta<\/strong> uns anys m\u00e9s tard. A m\u00e9s, la seva historia esta plena de superaci\u00f3 i comen\u00e7aments de feminisme, que ens venen perfectes per a aquest 8 de mar\u00e7, dia de la dona.<\/span><\/p>\n

Breu biografia de Hertha Marks<\/span><\/h2>\n

Hertha Marks va n\u00e0ixer a Portsea, Inglaterra, l\u2019any 1854 sota el nom de Phoebe Sarah Marks; es va canviar el nom a Hertha durant la seva adolesc\u00e8ncia.<\/span><\/p>\n

No ho va tenir f\u00e0cil a l\u2019hora d\u2019estudiar: va haver de posar-se a treballar molt aviat i encara no es veien b\u00e9 les dones universit\u00e0ries. Afortunadament, va impressionar una membre del tribunal de la beca que va sol\u00b7licitar (i que no li van concedir), i va ser aquesta dona qui li va ajudar a tirar endavant amb la seva carrera.<\/span><\/p>\n

Marks destacava en ci\u00e8ncies i matem\u00e0tiques. A l\u2019any 1885 es casa amb el que va ser el seu professor de f\u00edsica, William Ayrton, que va recon\u00e8ixer la labor, curiositat i intel\u00b7lig\u00e8ncia innegables de la Hertha i es va convertir en el seu ajudant.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aportacions cient\u00edfiques de la Hertha Marks: la bombeta<\/span><\/h2>\n

Es diu que va ser ella qui va facilitar el cam\u00ed cap a la bombeta el\u00e8ctrica, uns anys m\u00e9s tard i de la m\u00e0 de Thomas A. Edison, amb els seus aven\u00e7os.<\/span><\/p>\n

Per a posar-nos en antecedents, ens situem a la segona meitat del segle 19, a Londres, moment de millores tecnol\u00f2giques. Les faroles dels carrers ja no eren de gas sin\u00f3 de xoc el\u00e8ctric<\/strong>; produ\u00efen espurnes i algunes arribaven a explotar. Es podria dir que no eren massa segures.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hertha, que sentia curiositat per tot all\u00f2 que l\u2019envoltava, se\u2019n adona que quan l\u2019arc voltaic brunzia, perdia llum<\/strong>. I es proposa canviar-ho. Era una dona molt curiosa i amb grans inquietuds cient\u00edfiques.<\/span><\/p>\n

Com hem comentat abans, durant la seva \u00e8poca d\u2019estudiant s\u2019enamora d\u2019un dels seus professors i arriben a casar-se i a treballar junts. Dada curiosa: ell reconeix la valia d\u2019ella per sobre de la seva pr\u00f2pia, de manera que \u00e9s ell qui col\u00b7labora als estudis d\u2019ella<\/strong>, i no a l\u2019inrev\u00e9s. Hertha experimenta i p\u00fablica diferents estudis sobre l\u2019arc el\u00e8ctric entre 1895 i 1896. Finalment, l\u2019any 1902, publica \u201cl\u2019Arc el\u00e8ctric\u201d; publicaci\u00f3 que la consolida com a enginyera el\u00e8ctrica.<\/span><\/p>\n

Arc voltaic<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Un arc el\u00e8ctric \u00e9s una desc\u00e0rrega el\u00e8ctrica formada entre dos el\u00e8ctrodes amb diferent potencial col\u00b7locats en una atmosfera gasosa enrarida. A l\u2019entrar en contacte, es produeix una desc\u00e0rrega semicircular que es coneix com arc voltaic.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c9s a dir, que aleshores la llum no era fixa<\/strong>, sin\u00f3 que titil\u00b7lava i podia arribar a explotar. El problema de l\u2019arc voltaic, exposava, era l\u2019oxigen que hi havia entre vareta i vareta, de manera que va proposar passar d\u2019una corrent de carbono ionitzat (actual plasma) entre ambdues varetes<\/strong>; una idea que encara es fa servir. Hertha va patentar una nova vareta coberta amb una pel\u00b7l\u00edcula de coure que va fer que les faroles no fessin soroll ni explotessin; una idea que va funcionar fins que Edison la va perfeccionar creant la bombeta incandescent<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Feminisme<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

La contribuci\u00f3 cient\u00edfica de la Hertha va fer que al 1889 es convert\u00eds en la primera dona en ingressar a la Instituci\u00f3 d\u2019Enginyers El\u00e8ctrics<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Per la naturalesa masclista de la \u00e8poca en que va n\u00e0ixer, i perqu\u00e8 no ho va tenir gens f\u00e0cil per a ser reconeguda com a cient\u00edfica, la Hertha tamb\u00e9 era una ferma activista pel dret al vot femen\u00ed<\/strong> a l\u2019Anglaterra.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gr\u00e0cies a aquest activisme social, va arribar a ser vicepresidenta<\/strong> tant de la Federaci\u00f3 Brit\u00e0nica de Dones Universit\u00e0ries<\/strong> com de la Uni\u00f3 Nacional de Societats pel Sufragi de les Dones<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Vol\u00edem parlar de la Hertha perqu\u00e8 ella representa i s\u2019identifica amb un dia com aquest 8 de mar\u00e7: el dia de la dona. El dia en que les dones han de reivindicar m\u00e9s que mai les seves llibertats i els seus drets, com va fer la Hertha al imposar-se en un m\u00f3n d\u2019homes, i destacar entre ells.<\/span><\/p>\n

Com la Hertha, a Factorenergia vam ser tamb\u00e9 pioners; en el nostre cas, vam ser la primera comercialitzadora el\u00e8ctrica no vinculada a cap Distribuidora<\/strong>: la primera del mercat lliure. I, per suposat, i perqu\u00e8 recolzem la igualtat entre homes i dones, els nostres equips s\u00f3n totalment mixtes \ud83d\ude42 Vols canviar de companyia el\u00e8ctrica<\/a> <\/strong>i recolzar-nos?<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Aquest 8 de mar\u00e7 parlem d’una dona que va revolucionar el camp de la enginyeria el\u00e8ctrica i que, a m\u00e9s, tamb\u00e9 va deixar marca al feminisme: Hertha Marks.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[],"acf":{"fecha_de_la_entrada":"20180308","imagen_portada":5768,"categoria_blog":null,"tipo_de_distribuidora":null,"tiempo_lectura":"","banner_bool":false,"titulo_banner":"","texto_banner":"","texto_boton_banner":"","url_boton_banner":"","post_relacionados":""},"yoast_head":"\nHertha Marks: cient\u00edfica, enginyera i feminista | 8 de Mar\u00e7 Dia de la Dona<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hertha Marks, feminista, enginyera i cient\u00edfica que va millorar l'arc voltaic. 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