{"id":3669,"date":"2017-05-17T09:10:56","date_gmt":"2017-05-17T07:10:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.factorenergia.com\/ca\/?post_type=blog&p=3669"},"modified":"2025-07-28T16:51:13","modified_gmt":"2025-07-28T14:51:13","slug":"el-paper-de-les-centrals-nuclears","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.factorenergia.com\/ca\/blog\/enten-la-factura-de-la-llum\/el-paper-de-les-centrals-nuclears\/","title":{"rendered":"El paper de les centrals nuclears"},"content":{"rendered":"

Les centrals nuclears produeixen electricitat sense generar les emissions que donen lloc a l\u2019escalfament global. Per\u00f2, i tot i que representen un procediment econ\u00f2mic i una forma per a estalviar energia no s\u00f3n, ni de bon tros, la soluci\u00f3 davant la crisi clim\u00e0tica.<\/span><\/p>\n

Com les nuclears van ajudar a estalviar energia<\/h2>\n

L\u2019energia nuclear, la dels \u00e0toms, t\u00e9 dues cares: la cara negativa \u00e9s la bomba at\u00f2mica, els riscs mediambientals associats a que una central falli i la vida mitja dels residus radioactius. La cara bona \u00e9s que \u00e9s electricitat barata amb poca contribuci\u00f3 a l\u2019escalfament global i l’ estalvi energ\u00e8tic<\/a>, tal i com van prometre als anys \u201870.<\/span><\/p>\n

Els cient\u00edfics d\u2019aleshores comprenien l\u2019energia nuclear com una soluci\u00f3 a les nostres necessitats energ\u00e8tiques, per\u00f2 l\u2019escalfament global ha fet que tornem a examinar l\u2019energia nuclear amb atenci\u00f3, i \u00e9s que poden produir electricitat sense crear grans quantitats de gasos causants de l\u2019efecte hivernacle<\/strong>, per\u00f2 definitivament no s\u00f3n la soluci\u00f3 a la crisi mediambiental. Per tal d\u2019 estalviar energia no cal produir tants residus t\u00f2xics. Anem a veure-ho:<\/span><\/p>\n

Com funciona una central nuclear<\/span><\/h2>\n

Comencem amb l\u2019urani. Normalment \u00e9s aquest el material radioactiu al que se li d\u00f3na forma de barra per, despr\u00e9s, guardar varies d\u2019aquestes barres dins una estructura de contenci\u00f3 que les a\u00eflla de la radiaci\u00f3 mortal que desprenen. Quan aquestes barres s\u00f3n les unes al costat de les altres, s\u2019inicia una reacci\u00f3 en cadena controlada que allibera molta energia en forma de calor<\/strong>. Un l\u00edquid es bombeja a trav\u00e9s de l\u2019estructura de contenci\u00f3 i es converteix en vapor, que es fa servir per impulsar una turbina.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span>Divisi\u00f3 de l\u2019\u00e0tom<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Es molt probable que et soni una famosa f\u00f3rmula d\u2019Einstein, segons la que E=MC2<\/strong>. Parlant clar, una de les coses que vol dir \u00e9s que una quantitat molt petita de mat\u00e8ria es pot convertir en una immensa quantitat d\u2019energia<\/strong>. Si aquesta energia s\u2019alliber\u00e9s de cop, tindr\u00edem una explosi\u00f3 at\u00f2mica. Si, per contra, s\u2019allibera de forma controlada i dins d\u2019un reactor nuclear, es pot aconseguir molta calor a partir de molt poc combustible; aquest \u00e9s el principi que fan servir les centrals nuclears, a partir de l\u2019urani, i que no fa rentable l\u2019aturada d\u2019aquestes centrals;\u00a0 \u00e9s per aix\u00f2 que es mantenen sempre en marxa, per estalviar energia, perqu\u00e8 s\u00f3n cares i costen d\u2019arrancar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Per a fer-nos una idea, un \u00fanic quilo d\u2019urani pot desprendre tanta energia com tres milions de quilos de carb\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n

La seguretat d\u2019una central nuclear<\/span><\/h2>\n

Un cop iniciada la reacci\u00f3 en cadena del material nuclear, un reactor funciona com qualsevol altra mena de central: la calor d\u2019aquesta reacci\u00f3 es fa servir per bullir aigua i produir vapor, que impulsa una turbina, fa girar un generador i genera electricitat.<\/span><\/p>\n

En termes de seguretat, per\u00f2, aquesta reacci\u00f3 en cadena ha d\u2019estar detingudament controlada<\/strong> ja que, si no, pot descontrolar-se i destruir les parets de contenci\u00f3 desprenent grans fugues de radiaci\u00f3. Per tal de veure la magnitud del problema, aix\u00f2 \u00e9s el que va passar a Txern\u00f2bil l\u2019any 1986.<\/span><\/p>\n

Un altre aspecte a tenir en compte en mat\u00e8ria de seguretat s\u00f3n els residus nuclears; un cop consumit l\u2019urani del reactor, aquest encara segueix radiant durant milers d\u2019anys, fent-ne dif\u00edcil la seva desaparici\u00f3 i havent-se d\u2019enterrar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Seguretat de l\u2019entorn<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

A m\u00e9s a m\u00e9s, cada central nuclear fa servir milions de litres d\u2019aigua al dia durant el proc\u00e9s de refredar el vapor despr\u00e9s que aquest hagi impulsat les turbines. Aquesta aigua no recull radiaci\u00f3<\/strong>\u00a0i acostuma a tornar al riu o llac d\u2019on s\u2019ha extret, tot i aix\u00ed, normalment torna tant calenta que mata o perjudica els peixos i altres essers vius que hi habiten.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Les centrals nuclears van ser una molt bona soluci\u00f3 d’ estalvi energ\u00e8tic per cobrir una gran demanda durant els anys setanta i en endavant. Malgrat tot, avui dia haur\u00edem de comen\u00e7ar a prescindir d\u2019aquest tipus de generaci\u00f3 que tant perjudica el nostre entorn i que, a m\u00e9s, pot convertir-se en un arma mortal i un gran risc pel medi ambient, no nom\u00e9s per estalviar\u00a0energia, sin\u00f3 per produir cada cop m\u00e9s amb energies alternatives o renovables.<\/span><\/p>\n

A Factor Energia apostem per les energies renovables, \u00e9s per aix\u00f2 que pots contractar la llum online<\/a> amb un subministrament 100% renovable, o trucant gratis al 900 850 000<\/strong>. T\u2019esperem \ud83d\ude42<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les centrals nuclears produeixen sense generar emissions d’escalfament global. No obstant ajuden a estalviar energia no solucionen la crisi clim\u00e0tica.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[57],"tags":[],"acf":{"fecha_de_la_entrada":"20170517","imagen_portada":3681,"categoria_blog":null,"tipo_de_distribuidora":null,"tiempo_lectura":"","banner_bool":false,"titulo_banner":"","texto_banner":"","texto_boton_banner":"","url_boton_banner":"","post_relacionados":""},"yoast_head":"\nEl paper de les centrals nuclears | factorenergia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les centrals nuclears produeixen sense generar emissions d'escalfament global. 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